Showing posts with label sermon. Show all posts
Showing posts with label sermon. Show all posts

Sunday, September 16, 2012

Rosh Hashanah 5773: Why Be Jewish?



Goldie Cohen, an elderly Jewish woman from New York, goes to her travel agent. "I vont to go to India."

"Mrs. Cohen, why India? It's filthy, much hotter than New York, and very crowded."

"I vont to go to India."

"But it's a long journey, how will you manage? What will you eat? The food is too hot and spicy for you. You can't drink the water or eat fresh fruit and vegetables. You'll get sick.  And can you imagine the hospital, no Jewish doctors?"


 

"I vont to go to India."

The necessary arrangements are made, and off she goes. She arrives in India and, undeterred by the noise and crowds, makes her way to an ashram. There she joins the long line of people waiting for an audience with the guru. She is told that it will take at least three days of standing in line to see the guru.

"Dats OK," Goldie says.

Eventually she reaches the guru’s entryway. There she is told firmly that she can only say three words.

"Fine," she says.

She is ushered into the inner sanctum where the guru is seated.  As she approaches him, she is reminded: "Remember, just three words."

Unlike the other devotees, she does not prostrate at his feet. She stands directly in front of him, folds her arms on her chest, fixes her gaze on his, and says: "Shmuel, come home."

 
Ladies and gentlemen, we are all Jews by choice.

Usually, that is a term reserved for those who were born into another faith and became Jewish. We often refer to converts to Judaism not as “converts,” but as “Jews by choice.”  In Jewish tradition, a Jew is a Jew is a Jew, whether born Jewish or not.  A Jew by choice is first and foremost a Jew.

But the reality of today’s marketplace of ideas is that we are ALL Jews by choice.  We have all made the choice to be here today; we choose to celebrate Pesah with family, or light Hanukkah candles together, or to eat only kosher foods, or bring our children for berit milah or bat mitzvah.

The ability to opt for something different, to start over in a new place with a new identity, is the hallmark of the American character.  Personal autonomy -- individual choice -- has always been placed at the top of our pile of values.  We do not ask our children, “What do you need?”, but rather, “What do you want?”  We reinforce from birth that we have choices. (I’m not sure if this method always works out so well for parents, but that’s the subject of a different sermon.)

Our people arrived on this continent in 1654, almost 360 years ago.  The first American Jews resisted Old World rabbinic control for decades; to this day, this country has the only significant Jewish community in the world that has never had a chief rabbi.  Meanwhile, Robert Zimmerman became Bob Dylan, Issur Danielovich Demsky became Kirk Douglas, Sandy Koufax became a hall-of-famer even though he did not pitch on Yom Kippur, and full assimilation and interfaith families became inevitable features of the American Jewish landscape.

Shmuel, the Jewish guru, chose something else.  For whatever reason -- perhaps he could not find that path within Judaism that led to spiritual satisfaction and so he found another option -- he and others like him have left the fold for other pastures.  But far more of our young people today are exercising their freedom of choice by simply opting out of Jewish life, not necessarily to become gurus in ashrams, but becoming what is increasingly known as “Just Jewish,” or not Jewish at all.  A friend of mine from my Cornell days casually announced on Facebook that he was “no longer Jewish.”  When I asked him if that meant that he had converted to another religious tradition, he told me that he had not.  He had simply stopped practicing any Jewish rituals and disconnected himself from the faith of his parents.

And he is not alone.  What is the fastest-growing religious tradition in America today, across all demographics?  None.

I have been thinking about this quite a bit lately, because I think that we, those of us who are still committed, who are still invested in the traditional aspects of Jewish living, have to start making the case to ourselves about why Judaism is valuable.  Why be Jewish?  If we can answer that question for ourselves, we have a better chance of making the case to others for whom the inclination is to drop out.

Why be Jewish?

We need an answer to that question, one that we must share with our families and friends.  I’m particularly concerned with our children who are in the parking lot, or at home on Facebook.  I’m concerned that the ultimate result of the freedom of choice that modernity highlights will be that Judaism will cease to play a role in the lives of its descendants.  And I am particularly concerned that our Judaism, the open, non-judgmental, progressive, egalitarian practices that we represent here at Temple Israel.  We are the inheritors of Rabbi Mordecai Waxman’s principles of Tradition and Change, principles that I know many of us hold dear.

So the question should be asked and answered, re-asked and re-answered.  Why be Jewish?  And some of our children and grandchildren will no doubt find the answers not compelling enough, and will, like Shmuel and my college buddy, end their relationships with Judaism.

But some (and, I hope, many) will choose Judaism, will choose our open, tolerant approach to tradition.  Just like we in this room have done.

One traditional response to the question of “Why be Jewish” is that of faith.  The Torah tells us that if we embrace the mitzvot / commandments of Jewish life -- Shabbat, kashrut, tefillah, lifecycle events, holidays, and so forth -- we will be rewarded by God.  

But let’s face it: that does not work for everybody.

So we have to find another way.  We have to make other arguments for why choosing Judaism is a good idea.  

Here is another way of looking at this, one way that has worked for me.  I’m going to call this “the History Argument.”

There have been Jews in this world for at least 2300 years, and arguably as many as 3500 years.  Every one of us in this room is the descendant of at least 100 generations of Jews.  Our ancestors have followed these ancient customs and laws for millennia.  Who are we to question their adherence to Judaism?  Who are we to break the chain?

I choose Judaism because my parents and grandparents and great-grandparents and on and on and on were Jews.  They carried their faith through war and peace, East and West, through slavery and oppression and liberation and migration, from place to place and nation to nation.  Likewise, I want my children and grandchildren and great-grandchildren and on and on to continue these practices as well, wherever they end up and in whatever circumstances.

Tradition, sang Tevye in Fiddler on the Roof.  The key to our lives is maintaining our tradition.

The History Argument may work for some of us.  My suspicion is that for most of us who are under the age of 30, that will not work very well at all.  As humans, we are much better at living in the present than acknowledging the past or envisioning the future.

So we need some better reasons to be Jewish.  I’d like to propose the following:  What makes Judaism valuable today, and in an ongoing way are the Jewish values that we share. These shared values can be called the Internal, the External, and the Holy.

1.  Internal: Judaism values learning and mandates critical thinking.

2.  External: Judaism encourages us to relate well to others.

3.  Holy: Judaism offers a glimpse of the Divine.


First, let take a closer look at the Internal:  Judaism values learning and mandates critical thinking.

As I grow in my own relationship to what we call Judaism, I am ever more fond of the statement found in the Mishnah, tractate Pe’ah 1:1: Talmud Torah keneged kulam.  The study of Torah outweighs all the other mitzvot, including honoring your parents, performing deeds of charity, and making peace between people.

That’s right.  Learning is the highest value in Judaism, going all the way back to the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans, nearly 2000 years ago.  In the wake of that destruction, our ancestors grappled with the question of how to maintain our distinctiveness, and they settled on learning.  Judaism would become a tradition that would be related from teacher to student.  No more priesthood, no more hierarchy; Talmud Torah, the learning of Torah is the great equalizer of Jewish history.  Only a small elite could perform the sacrifices in the Temple, but everybody could learn and relate our Jewish stories.

“Why do Jews always answer a question with a question?”  
“How should they answer?”

We are a people who ask questions, who challenge, who seek wisdom.  And the critical thinking piece is essential.  Unlike some other religious traditions, which urge followers to check their intellect at the door, Judaism encourages us to question, to argue, to disagree.  There is never one answer in the Talmud; there is always a second opinion.  

We are the original critical thinkers, and every single one of us can benefit from Judaism’s rigorous pursuit of study, learning, and debate.  That is the Internal reason to be Jewish.

Second, the External.  Judaism requires us to relate well to others.

One of the best-known stories of the Talmud is as follows: a potential convert who approaches the sage Hillel and asks him to teach him all of the laws of Jewish life while standing on one leg.  Hillel lifts a leg off the ground and says, “Do not do unto others what is hateful unto you.  All the rest is commentary.  Now go and learn it.”

The second part of his statement, the “Go and learn it” part, refers back to the learning that we just discussed.  But the first part, the part about not doing unto others what is hateful to you, is the key to being Jewish in relationship to others.  We have to treat each other well.  

And let’s face it: treating your neighbor respectfully is not so easy.  We live in a fundamentally selfish society, in which independence is prized above all else.  We compete against each other for resources, for access to good schools, good grades, good jobs, and good business deals.  We learn from a young age that performance outweighs learning, that bringing in a good salary can sometimes justifiably conflict with being a dedicated parent.

But the Torah and Judaism ask us to re-examine those equations.  Ve’ahavta le-reiakha kamokha - love your neighbor as yourself (Lev. 19:18).  Honor your parents, says the Torah, even when it might be inconvenient to you.  Pay your employees a fair wage, says the Torah, even if it cuts into your own profits.  If you find your enemy’s ox suffering under a heavy load, says the Torah, you must help lift it up.  Don’t put a stumbling block in front of the blind; don’t curse the deaf.  From Pirqei Avot: Al tifrosh min hatzibbur - do not separate yourself from your community.

Today (yesterday) we enter/ed the Aseret Yemei Teshuvah, the Ten Days of Repentance, bracketed by Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur.  On these days we can ask for forgiveness from God for those transgressions of mitzvot bein adam lamaqom, commandments that are between us and God.  God will forgive us if we ask.  

But regarding those violations of mitzvot bein adam lehavero, the obligations between people, only those we have personally wronged can forgive us for what we have done to them.  We can only be forgiven with the help of our haver, our buddy, spouse, child, parent, sibling, coworker, boss, employee, neighbor, or enemy.  As Jews, we take this human partnership seriously.  

And that’s another great reason to be Jewish, the External reason.

Third: Holiness. Judaism offers a glimpse of the Divine.

Last spring, we hosted the noted professor of Jewish education, Dr. Ron Wolfson.  Dr. Wolfson’s work is primarily to help synagogues become more welcoming.  But he also reminds those of us who work in synagogues that we are not a business, whose bottom line is a dollar amount.  Our bottom line is qedushah, holiness.  That is the one thing that you can get here at Temple Israel that you can’t get at the gym, or the supermarket, or at Amazon.com.   

Why do we maintain the rituals of our ancestors?  Why do we read the Torah from beginning to end every year?  Why do we offer classes and discussions on various topics in Jewish text and law and philosophy?  Why do we recite the lengthy prayers in this mahzor?  Because that is how we Jews get access to God.  And let’s face it: despite the growing secularity of American society and among American Jews, most of us still want some access to God.  And the place to do that is here.

But we also stand for the qedushah / holiness that you can get outside this building.  Why do we bless our children on Friday night?  Because setting aside that holy moment with your kids, a pause from the insanity of the week, reaffirms everything that is sacred about life.

Why do we give tzedaqah / charity?  Why does the Temple Israel Chesed Connection, which goes out into the community to help people in need?  Why does the Youth House feature Mitzvah Corps, which brings 8th-graders to soup kitchens and retirement homes and the ACLD group-living home for disabled adults? Because there is nothing holier than reaching out your hand to others who have less.  

Why do we sponsor the PJ Library program, which provides absolutely free Jewish children’s books to kids in our community?  Because the holiest thing a parent or grandparent can do is to teach our tradition to the next generation.  (Call our office to sign up for PJ Library!)

Why be Jewish?  Because Judaism offers a connection to God, moments of holiness.

***

I’m going to conclude with the words of French-Jewish writer Edmund Fleg, a secular Jew who, like Theodor Herzl, rediscovered a connection to his people in the wake of the trial of Alfred Dreyfus in the 1890s:

I am a Jew because the faith of Israel demands of me no abdication of the mind.

I am a Jew because the faith of Israel requires of me all the devotion of my heart.

I am a Jew because in every place where suffering weeps, the Jew weeps.

I am a Jew because at every time when despair cries out, the Jew hopes.

I am a Jew because the word of Israel is the oldest and the newest.

I am a Jew because the promise of Israel is the universal promise.

I am a Jew because, for Israel, the world is not yet completed; we are completing it.

I am a Jew because, above the nations and the faith of Israel, we place humanity.

I am a Jew because above humanity, which is created in God’s image, Israel places God’s oneness and divinity.

****

Why be Jewish? Because Judaism offers a framework for living, a set of shared values that if applied properly, will enable your inner spirituality by turning on your mind, will enhance your outer relationships, and will, once in a while, offer contact with God and qedushah / holiness.  As we move forward, those of us who continue to be Jews-By-Choice will draw on these offerings of Judaism, gaining inspiration as well as inspiring others.  

Epilogue: A congregant came to me last week to tell me that she has found her path through Judaism at Temple Israel, but she had to work quite hard to seek it for herself.  When he was here in May, Dr. Wolfson told the story of his having visited a synagogue, and upon arriving he found the front door locked.  He looked around the building for a good twenty minutes, and when he finally found his way in and met with the rabbi, he was told, “Everybody knows you go in through the kitchen!”

Some of us are self-motivated seekers; others are not.  If you can’t find the kitchen door and you need an entry point to learn more, to participate more, to step up your relationship with the faith of your parents and grandparents, give me a call, shoot me an email, friend me on Facebook, find me on Twitter, or whatever.  I would be personally thrilled to help you find your way.



~
Rabbi Seth Adelson
(Originally delivered at Temple Israel of Great Neck, Monday morning, September 17, 2012.)

Monday, August 2, 2010

Eqev 5770 - Hakol Beseder Ba-aretz

(Originally delivered on July 31, 2010.)

A fascinating tidbit of news crossed my computer screen a few days ago. It was about a young Israeli woman named Elinor Jozef, from Haifa. She has just been inducted into the Karakal Battalion of Tzeva HaHaganah LeYisrael, the Israel Defense Force. Not such huge news, really, if you discount the fact that she is the first Arab woman to serve in a combat position in the IDF. The email that I received noted that in an interview with the Arabic language newspaper Al Arabiyya, the interviewer asked her how she felt about killing Arabs. Ms. Jozef, obviously whip-smart and surely anticipating the question, replied, “Well, it would not be the first time that an Arab has killed other Arabs.”

I think that this is a prime example of what makes Israel so wonderful and unique. It points to the fact that Israel is thriving, democratically and socially. I’ll come back to this.

Last week, I flew back and forth to Israel in the space of a couple days. On the way there, something remarkable happened. I arrived to JFK airport with one idea about a sermon, and started writing that sermon for last week. Then, after sitting on the plane for about 8 hours, I changed my mind, and came up with a second idea, which turned out to be the one I used last Shabbat (when we discussed the small differences in the “Ten Commandments” in Devarim vs. Shemot, and what they might mean).

Later still the same day (well, OK, so it was technically the next day, although it did not feel like it), after arriving in Israel, I was leaving the airport in my rental car, driving in what I later discovered to be the wrong direction, when I was struck with a third idea, and so when I sat down to dinner later that night at Yotvata Ba-Ir (a popular dairy restaurant chain; the place name Yotvata, for which the kibbutz that runs the chain is named, was mentioned today in Parashat Eqev) on the beach in Tel Aviv, I started THIS sermon. So I think that’s a record for me, if not for all rabbis ever: three sermon ideas in less than 24 hours.

Israel (or at least flying to Israel) has that effect on me.

What occurred to me as I was driving north on highway 40, rather than south, was “I’m home.” This is it. This is the land that God promised to us (most notably in the book of Deuteronomy, and quite extensively in Parashat Eqev, which we read today), and this is the somewhat flawed, but otherwise absolutely wonderful, modern state that we have today. Or maybe it was just a wee bit of post-trans-Atlantic flight delirium seasoned with the exhilaration of being in Israel and emboldened by the caffeine of my first kafe hafukh, downed in the airport after baggage claim.

I spoke more than a month ago about the existential threats facing Israel: a hostile press, the disengagement from Israel by young North American Jews as characterized by Peter Beinart in the New York Review of Books, the ongoing attempts to “aid” Gaza by various anti-Israel organizations masquerading as humanitarian groups, and of course the Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS) movement that has taken root among left-wing activists in America. Yes, all of these threats are real. Yes, Israel has what to worry about, and although I am not much of an alarmist, and generally suspicious of those who are constantly screaming about imminent dangers, still it seems like the temperature is rising.

But then, there I was in the car on highway 40, listening to Mizrahi pop (the Mediterranean-flavored rhythmic Hebrew music that is unique to Israel and favored by Israelis of Eastern and North African descent), and then later sitting by the beach at sunset, and I was reminded that Israel is here to stay. She is not a flash in the pan. If her neighbors were going to wipe her out, they would have done so by now. (Yes, of course I am afraid of an Iranian nuclear bomb with a madman behind the trigger, but so are the Saudis, the Iraqis, and the rest of the world. The Iranian bomb changes the power balance in the entire region, and nobody wants that.)

I remembered that Israel is perhaps the most resilient country in the world. The modern state was created by a dangerously slim majority vote in the UN and despite long odds survived her first 19 years; only after the 1967 did anybody even begin to think that Israel might last for 62 years or more. And it is still here.

On the other hand, nobody would apply the term “resilient” to the French. Nobody is concerned that Greece is ephemeral, that Peru or Japan or Madagascar are so beleaguered that they might not be here next year.

And you know what? Israelis feel the same way about Israel. Nobody in Israel is worried that the long list of threats, which keeps getting longer, will actually affect their daily routine. And why should they? After 62 years of wars, threats, terrorism, internal turmoil, political intrigue, and so forth, Israel’s stability is based on what is called in Hebrew “davqa-ut.” This word, based in Aramaic terminology from the Babylonian Talmud, is entirely un-translateable. You might say that it means, “necessary despite-ness.” That is, that Israel continues to thrive both in spite of and as a result of her precarious position, and it really could not be any other way.

During the Cold War years, the following story was told about Israel: How do you tell the difference between an optimist and a pessimist in Israel? The optimist is learning Arabic. The pessimist is learning Chinese. That joke is, fortunately, quite dated.

(In the wake of the recent flap over the conversion bill in the Knesset that would have put total control over “Who is a Jew” in the hands of the Haredi Israeli Rabbinate, you might say that a pessimist is learning Yiddish.)

Israelis have a prodigious talent for simply allowing life to go on. In the cafes of Tel Aviv and the malls of Jerusalem, love and commerce continue. During the rash of suicide bombings that began a decade ago, every effort was made to clean up and rebuild as soon as possible. The Sbarro pizza outlet in central Jerusalem, where I had eaten on multiple occasions prior to its having been bombed, was open for business again in a matter of months.

In the Diaspora, and especially here on the far side of the Atlantic, we are continually reminded about Israel’s existential threats. In Israel, where the threats have been ongoing since 1948, where there has always been a state of war with her nearest neighbors, where daily safety and security are preserved through constant vigilance, today’s reality is stasis. Not much changes. New leaders arise, new peace endeavors falter, and life goes on. Israelis have a wonderful talent for coping. When you are staring across the border into the barrels of your neighbor’s guns, the distant ideas of a handful of intellectuals half-way around the world hardly matter. And the rest of the time, the priority is living your life, not obsessing over somebody else’s opinion of you and your leaders.

During this visit, I remembered that life goes on in Israel as normal, regardless of BDS, the Gaza flotilla, the disengagement of young American Jews, and so forth.

From time to time I see polls pop up that show that Israel ranks quite low on a list of how various countries around the world are perceived. Canada is usually somewhere near the top (how could you NOT like Canada?), the US is somewhat farther down, and Israel is generally close to last, way down with Iran and North Korea.

But, as a testament to the aforementioned resilience of the Israeli soul (or maybe a willfull ignorance), Israelis are also relatively happy and, in the words of pollsters, “thriving.” A Gallup poll that I saw this week ranks Israelis as 8th in the world on the “thriving” index; tied with Canada, Switzerland, and Australia, just below Costa Rica and New Zealand, and just above Panama and Brazil. Not bad, right? The US is 17th.

Given the Torah’s promises about the land of Israel, some of which appeared in today’s parashah, it seems that it is the Jewish destiny to thrive in this land. We read today about Shiv’at ha-Minim, the seven species that typify Eretz Yisra-el. I am quoting from humash Etz Hayim, page 1040, verses 7-9:

“For the Lord your God is bringing you into a good land, a land with streams and springs and fountains issuing from plain and hill, a land of wheat and barley, of vines, figs, and pomegranates, a land of olive trees and honey; a land where you may eat food without stint, where you will lack nothing; a land whose rocks are iron and from whose hills you can mine copper.” (Deuteronomy 8:7-9)

Taken literally, this litany of agricultural and mineral resources is merely an accounting of the richness of the land. Metaphorically speaking, one might read this list in a modern context, something like this (with apologies to God and the Deuteronomist for re-writing the Torah):

“... a good land, a land with entrepreneurship and industry issuing from plain and hill, a land of software and hardware, medical technology and agricultural collectives, a land of authors and poets, theaters, universities and fantastic museums. A land where you will drink excellent coffee without stint in great cafes, where you will only lack enough money to buy a fabulous apartment in Neve Tzedek, a land whose cars will soon be electric and from whose new desalination plant you will drink plenty of good, clean water.”

Israel, my friends, does face ongoing troubles. But it always has. And at a time when the IDF feels confident enough to place one of Israel’s female Arab citizens on the front lines, when Israel’s economy is booming while the rest of the world struggles with deep recession, and when life goes on, rich, complicated, satisfying life goes on, Israel is clearly thriving. And that’s good for the Jews. Al tid’agu, hakol beseder ba-aretz. Don’t worry! Everything’s groovy in Israel.